Refrigerating system



May 23, 1939.

| H. voLD 2,159,187

REFRIGERAT ING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 20, 1936 IN V EN TOR.

A TT ORNE YS.

'Patented May 23, 1939 'UNIT-ED STATES PATENT. OFFICE' 2,159,181 lnEFmGEBATmG SYSTEM Y H. Vold, Butler, Pa. Application "Aagust zo, 1936,serial No. 96,938

(ci. ca -91.5)

through pipe I6 to a perforated pipe I1. Valve I2 is controlled by anactuator I8 through a temperature responsive medium such as liquidcontained in a bulb I8a below the ceiling of the refrigeratorcompartment which, in response to temperature changes in therefrigerating compartment, operates valve I2 to deflect the gases toexhaust through pipe I4 or through pipe I5 into the ice compartment 6a.

A plurality of pipe unions I9 are connected at intervals in thecirculating pipes II and IIa of the refrigerating compartment, theseunions being provided with a central baille 20 which acts like a helicalpartition element to set the gases in circular motion with increasedvelocity for the purpose of sweeping away or breaking-up films vtendingto form on the inner surface of the pipe, which would act as insulationto prevent heat carrying conductivity between the gas and pipe walls. Asnoted in Fig. 1, the unions are connected at intervals in the pipe linesI I and I I a.

'I'he entire refrigerator car is surrounded with an outerI wall 2I toform an air space 22 which is loose1y-packed with an insulating material23 to impede circulation. The exhaust carbon dioxide gases enter thisspace beneath the floor of the refrigerator car through the pipes I4 andI'l which are perforated as shown in Fig. 3 to distribute the gasesthrough the length ofthe bottom space from 'which they tiavel into theside and end wall spaced upwardly around the refrigerating com-Theinsulating material 23 is of such character as to permit thepenetration or saturation of the exhaust gases thereto without, however,allowing freefcirculation of the gases in the double-walled space.

The operation of the above described refrigerating system is briey asfollows: Carbon dioxide gases are caused to be circulated fromcompartments 6 andv 5a through the circulating pipes II and Ila inaccordance with temperature changes in the car compartmenteffectingexpansion or contraction of the iiuid in the bulb I8a, whichexerts pressure on the actuator I8 to deflect valve I2. After the carbondioxide r gases have circulated through the pipes I I and absorb' heatin passing therethrough.they are conducted through the exit pipes I3 and`IIB to the horizontal perforated pipes I4 and I7 'in the outerinsulated space 22 ofthe refrigerating compartment. By passingfthroughthe perforations 'of the pipes Il and I1, the full length of such pipesin quantities depending upon'the rate of circulationof the gases throughthe piping II and IIa, they will pass into the insulating space around 3claims.

' This invention relates to improvements in re friger'atirg systems,more particularly to systems utilizing dry ice, frozen carbon dioxide(CO2) as a refrigerant.

Refrigeration by the use of frozen carbon dioxide necessitates acirculation of the carbon dioxide gas generated in the ice compartmentto absorb heat from the refrigeration or storage compartment, the degreeofr cooling being con- 10 trollable by regulation of evaporation in theice compartment in the manneras set forth in my United States LettersPatent No. 1,949,518 March 6, 1934, wherein such evaporation isstimulated by the use of a plurality ofdce compartments for use inrailway refrigerator cars.A

In accordance with the present invention, the carbon dioxide gasesgenerated inthe ice compartments after going through the refrigeratingcompartment are directed through the space of a double wall of therefrigerating compartment for the purpose of utilizing the left-overcoldness of the gas, and incidentally increase the insulating veiect ofthe space between the walls.

The invention will become more apparent from a consideration oi' theaccompanying drawing constituting a part hereof in which like referencecharacters designate like parts and in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional. View of a refrigerating car towhich the invention is so applied;

Fig. 2 a transverse section taken through the cooling compartment of therefrigerator car along the line 2 2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 a plan view ofthe oor of the car taken along the line 3 3, Fig.1;

Fig. 4 an end view of a pipe union; and Fig. 5 an elevational viewthereof.

With reference Ito the several figuresof the drawing, the numeral Idesignates the car como partment constituted by a floor 2, side and endWalls 3 and 4, respectively, and a roof or top wall 5. The numerals 6and 6a designate ice com partments divided by partition B for receivingfrozen carbon dioxide blocks 1 which are supported on a perforated base8a below'which is provided a compartment 9. The gas from compartment 6leaves the compartment through pipe II andl enters valve I2 aftercirculating in the car compartment at I0 in pipe II where it is 5odeiiected eitherto pipe I3 then to pipe Il, or to l pipe I5 into space 9communicating with com- `partrnent 5a, to 'circulate around the icecubes therein. The gases from compartment 6a leave the compartment atI2a and circulate in pipes 5t i la of the refrigerating compartment,then down 2 e 2,159,187 the compartment to cool the space. The exhaustgases maybe vented from the insulating space in any suitable manner atthe top ofthe car.

By means of the hereinbefore described con- 5 struction of refrigeratorcompartments to have an insulating space around their outer ywallswherein to circulate exhaust carbon dioxide gases,

. a lower consumption of frozen carbon. dioxide is possible because theeffect of external temperature entering the refrigerating compartment byradiation and conduction is to a large extent nullied.

The application of the invention to refrigerator cars as hereindescribedis for the purpose of illustration only as it is obviously adapted foruse in any frozen carbon dioxide refrigerating system. f

Although one embodiment of the invention has been herein illustrated'anddescribed, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that variousmodifications may be made in the details of construction withoutdeparting from the principles herein vset forth.

I claim: l

1. In a refrigerating system, a refrigerator chamber, a frozen carbondioxide compartment, an external wall spaced from the walls of saidchamber-and compartment to form an insulating space therearound, meansfor evaporating frozen 30 carbon dioxidein said'compartment andcirculating the gas through the refrigerator chamber,

of the refrigerator chamber vfor circulating carbon dioxide gasesgeneratedin the frozen carbon dioxide compartment to remove heat fromsaid chamber, and perforated conduits disposed in the insulatingspacebeneath -said chamber and connected to said circulating piping toexhaust the carbon dioxide gases into the insulating space after passingthrough the piping ofthe refrigerating chamber.

3. In a refrigerator system, a refrigerator compartment' and a storagecompartment for frozen carbon dioxide, a system of piping opening tothestorage compartment and Aextending into the refrigerator compartment,and means in the form of pipe couplings connected at intervals in saidpiping and embodying partition members for subjecting the gasescirculating in said piping to a,

swirling movement.

= Y LARS H. VOLD.

